Tubal patency test

Fallopian tubes are the conduit between the ovaries and the uterus. The fallopian tube functions in such a way that it propels egg and sperms towards each other and the fertilization of egg with sperm takes place in the fallopian tube. The fallopian tubes are small structures which are not normally visualized during an ultrasound scan. Hence, the tubal tests examine the patency of these tubes. It is a test used in the evaluation of infertility.

There are three types of tubal patency test:
  • Hysterosalpingography: A radio-opaque dye is injected inside the uterus and fallopian tubes. A couple of X-rays are taken to check if the dye flows through the uterus and the tubes.
  • Saline infusion sonogram or Hysterosalpingo contrast sonography: This method involves either infusion of saline or echo-enhancing contrast agent during a transvaginal ultrasound to check the uterus and the tubes.
  • Diagnostic laparoscopy and dye test: During a laparoscopy procedure a dye is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes and the patency is checked. This procedure is done under anesthesia.
What to expect?
  • The exam is performed between 7-11 days after the beginning of your last menstrual period.
  • A course of antibiotics, analgesics may be prescribed following the procedure.
  • Some patients find minimal discomfort, whereas others report a feeling like intense menstrual cramps.
  • You can eat and drink as per usual the day of the test and resume your normal activities.
  • You may experience vaginal spotting (bleeding) and pelvic cramps for 1 day after the procedure.
  • Complications: Risk of infection, allergic reaction from contrast.
What are the Contraindications to perform the test?
  • If you have an allergy to the contrast used during the procedure.
  • If you think you are pregnant.
  • You currently have a pelvic infection.
What does the test say?

If the dye/saline flows through the tubes it means the tubes are open.
If there is no flow of the dye/saline, it suggests blockage of the tube. Accordingly, you would be suggested for a tubal recanalization or to go for IVF.