In Vitro fertilization

In vitro fertilization is a type of assisted reproductive technology wherein, the eggs of the woman is fertilized outside the human body. It is a complex process which involves retrieving the eggs from the woman’s ovaries after combining with the sperms in a lab. The resulting embryos are transferred back inside the woman’s uterus after some days.

Who needs IVF?

In Vitro fertilization is opted when other forms of treatment has not helped in conceiving. It is also indicated in the following conditions:

  • Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
  • Abnormal semen parameters
  • Moderate to severe endometriosis
  • Preimplantation genetic testing is required when there is risk of passing on a genetic disorder or disease
  • Polycystic ovarian disease
  • Unexplained infertility
  • Going for donor egg or surrogacy program
What happens during an IVF procedure?

Initially the couple are evaluated and counselled about the IVF procedure.

  • Ovarian stimulation: The first step in the IVF process is stimulation of the ovaries with hormonal injections, wherein, multiple follicles development takes place.
  • Egg retrieval: When the follicles have reached the appropriate dimensions egg retrieval is done transvaginally using ultrasound guidance under anaesthesia.
  • Fertilization: In a petri dish the mature eggs and the partner’s sperms are placed in an environmentally controlled chamber and allowed for the insemination to take place.
  • Embryo culture: In the next 5- 6 days the development of embryos is carefully observed.
  • Embryo transfer: Once the embryos are formed, they are transferred back in to the uterus. The embryo transfer can be fresh or frozen.
  • Pregnancy test: Pregnancy test is performed 11-14 days after the embryo transfer.
How long does the process take?

The whole process takes approximately between 4 to 6 weeks.

What are the risks and complications of IVF?
  • The woman may experience bloating, abdominal cramping, mood swings, headaches, etc.
  • During egg retrieval: Bleeding, infection, damage to bowel, bladder or blood vessels.
  • Multiple pregnancy can happen when more than one embryo is transferred.
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): In rare cases OHSS can be seen. It is a condition where there is accumulation of fluid in the lung and abdominal cavity. It is a medical emergency and requires hospitalization.